Agriculture is the backbone of every economy. The majority of the populations are dependent on agriculture in one way or the other for their livelihood. The improvement of agriculture will contribute both to the local economy as well as improvement in health, nutritional status and the economy of the country. However, South Sudan agriculture system is not performing to its potential level due to various reasons. Therefore, the program is focusing on providing conditional and unconditional food assistance to the food insecure households, especially those affected by natural or man-made disasters. It engages affected communities in rehabilitation of communal assets including the agrarian infrastructure by providing food or cash in exchange for their participation in rehabilitation work. The program builds farmer’s capacity in improved production and marketing techniques through trainings, exposures, demonstrations, networking, and dissemination of material and develops communities’ linkages with public and private sector organizations for service provision. Value chain promotion of non-timber forest products, agro based micro enterprise development, introduction of apiculture and aquaculture to generate off-farm income are some other important interventions under this programmatic thematic area. RLO; in close collaboration with international agencies will advocate and design food security and livelihoods programs or projects for intervention.